Your default account currency is set in Edit -> Preferences -> Accounts -> Default Currency. You should set this parameter correctly, as it will save you much time when building your account structure.
When you create a new account, you have the option to define the commodity. For currency accounts, you can specify any one of the hundreds of currencies supported by GnuCash by simply selecting it from the currency commodity list. You will notice that the default currency is always whatever you have defined in the preferences. So, if you mostly work with Euros, but have the occasional Ethiopian Birr account, be sure to set your preferences to Euro.
As an example, let's set up a typical bank account scenario where you mostly work in US Dollars, but do also have a European bank account using the Euro currency, as well as one bank account in Hong Kong using Hong Kong Dollars. So, setup 3 bank accounts, one using the Euro currency, one in US Dollars, and another in Hong Kong Dollars. One possible account structure for this would be:
-Assets (USD)
-Current Assets (USD)
-US Bank (USD)
-European Bank (EUR)
-HK Bank (HKD)
-Equity (USD)
-Opening Balances
-USD (USD)
-EUR (EUR)
-EUR (HKD)
Note: the currency of each account is shown in parenthesis.
Since in this example you mostly work in USD, all of the parent accounts are set to USD. Of course, if you mostly work in Euros, you could change the currency of these parent accounts to EUR. To totals shown in the account tree window will always be converted to the currency of each particular account. Notice, we also setup 3 Starting Balances equity accounts, used to initially populate the 3 banks.
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You could also setup just a single Starting Balance account and use a currency transfer to populate the "different currency" accounts. However, this is more advanced option, which is explained in a later section (項10.6.1. | |
Below you see the result of this example, in which you start with USD 10,000, EUR 10,000 as well as HKD 10,000 in the three bank accounts. Notice that the total of the parent accounts only show the value of the currency of subaccounts with matching currencies. In the future you can setup the exchange rates between the currencies, and the parent accounts will calculate the converted value of all subaccounts. See the later section (項10.5) on how to do this.
Initial setup of 3 bank accounts with different currencies.
Notice that the "Total (Report)" column is being displayed. This is configured in the column header row, select Arrow down and select 「Total(USD)」.